乡村振兴背景下贵州食用菌精准扶贫产业的现状与路径创新

为促进贵州省食用菌基地大幅度进步和食用菌产业的发展,针对贵州省食用菌基地现阶段发展详情,可能存在的问题,并结合国家现阶段发展政策,对贵州省食用菌基地发展提供科学、合理、有效的建议。     

基于森林健康理念的森林康养产业发展研究

阐述了森林健康理念和森林康养的基本概念,介绍了森林健康理念和森林康养的发展现状,分析了森林健康与森林康养产业之间的关系。结果表明:森林康养产业的理论基础就是基于森林健康理念继承发展来的,必然会促进森林健康产业的发展。运用森林健康理念指导森林康养产业发展是森林康养产业可持续发展的有效途径,森林健康理念在中国会不断完善和发展,也更有利于中国森林康养产业的发展。展望康养产业,会形成一种新的经济形态,成为国民福祉。     

极小种群野生植物八蕊单室茱萸的种群状况研究

八蕊单室茱萸为云南省特有的极小种群野生植物和濒危物种。通过查阅相关文献并结合访问调查,确定八蕊单室茱萸可能分布的区域,开展种群资源调查。结果显示:八蕊单室茱萸目前仅在普洱市和西双版纳州有10个天然种群,其种群规模已低于最小可存活种群,属极小种群野生植物和濒危物种,亟需开展保护工作。生境破坏和生境片段化是导致八蕊单室茱单室茱萸濒危的人为因素。提出收集种质资源、营建和管护近地保护种群、建立迁地和回归种群等保育建议。     

云南怒江傈僳族自治州古树名木资源现状调查

对怒江傈僳族自治州人为活动区域古树名木资源现状进行调查。结果表明:共记录到古树名木496株,涉及36科54属76种,其中有8种国家重点保护野生植物,分别为澜沧黄杉、秃杉、南方红豆杉、云南榧树、千果榄仁、红椿、光叶珙桐和香果树;怒江州古树名木主要分布在乡村街道及远郊野外,占总数的98.8%,63.6%的古树生长在海拔1500~1999 m;古树名木的生长环境及长势总体较好,但保护力度相对薄弱,应采取相关措施加强保护和管理。     

中国茶叶出口的影响因素与贸易效率 ——基于随机前沿引力模型的实证分析

基于时变随机前沿引力模型和贸易非效率模型,运用37个代表性国家和地区2001—2017年面板数据,实证分析了中国茶叶出口的影响因素与贸易效率。结果显示,我国茶叶出口贸易效率呈现随时间递增的趋势,但是总体上我国茶叶出口效率处于较低水平,且呈现区域不平衡,对发达经济体的出口贸易效率相对较高,与“一带一路”沿线国家的茶叶贸易效率比较低;我国茶叶出口效率无法完全实现主要是由于技术效率损失;国内供给增加、进口市场容量扩大以及贸易成本降低均对茶叶贸易效率有促进作用;进口市场营商环境改善一定程度上能够抵消贸易非效率的影响,提升我国茶叶出口效率;自由贸易协定对于我国茶叶出口尚未发挥作用。     

我国玉米病虫害发生现状、趋势与防控对策

近年来,随着我国农业种植结构的调整和耕作栽培方式的转变,玉米品种选育加快,种植面积迅速增加,玉米病虫害发生一直呈加重趋势,一些次要病虫害在全国范围或局部地区为害不断加重,上升为主要病虫害,生产上还出现了一些新发病虫害,对玉米安全生产构成了威胁。本文总结了我国玉米重要病虫害的发生现状,并对发生趋势进行了分析,目前生产上的重要病虫害如亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟、棉铃虫以及黏虫为害加重并将持续发生;土传病害玉米茎腐病、穗腐病等危害将持续加重;风险性叶斑病玉米大斑病、南方锈病等仍在流行,未来不可忽视;还需关注未来危害性具有上升趋势的病虫害。提出了相应的防控对策。     

High vegetative compatibility diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica infecting sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) in Britain indicates multiple pathogen introductions

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, was identified in Devon, UK, in December 2016. Intensive surveys detected the disease at further sites in Devon (seven), Berkshire (one), Dorset (one), Derbyshire (four) and a cluster of eight sites in southeast London. Over 570 survey samples were tested, and 227 were positive for C. parasitica by isolation and real-time PCR. A total of 227 isolates were tested for mating type, and 197 screened for vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and compared with VCGs known from mainland Europe. The same isolates were also screened for the presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1). Eleven VCGs were identified within the UK population. Five corresponded to already known European VCGs but six were unique. The European VCGs mainly came from the Devon, Dorset, Berkshire and Derbyshire disease outbreaks, whilst unique VCGs were almost exclusively from the southeast London cluster. Both mating types were detected, but only one mating type was present at each site, with the exception of a single Devon site. Perithecia of C. parasitica were never observed at any site. CHV-1 was found in seven isolates from three different locations and was always subtype-I, which has limited hypovirulence. Therefore, although CHV-1 is associated with C. parasitica at some outbreaks, it probably has limited impact on virulence. The diversity of VCGs and their distribution at outbreak sites, together with findings of CHV-1, suggests C. parasitica has been introduced to the UK multiple times over at least two decades through international plant trade.     

Effects of spent mushroom substrates and inorganic fertilizer on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey‐loam soil and lettuce production

We evaluated the effects of the addition of two types of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), SMS from an Agaricus bisporus crop (SMS1) and a mixture of SMSs from an A. bisporus crop and a Pleurotus crop (50% v/v each) (SMS2), on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey‐loam soil and the yield and nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), relative to crops receiving mineral fertilizer (M) and a control (C) without amendment. The application of SMS, especially SMS1, improved soil fertility compared with C and M soils. Moreover, the use of these organic substrates as soil amendments did not harm the plants and gave yields similar to that obtained with mineral fertilizer. The nutritional contents of the lettuce plants were greater than or similar to those of the plants from treatment C or M, except for the plant tissue concentrations of K, Fe and Zn, which were significantly reduced by SMS application. However, this latter fact did not reduce the lettuce yield in the amended soils. Therefore, the use of SMSs as organic amendments contributes to residue utilization, in an environmentally friendly way, and to improved soil fertility and crop yield.     

Assessing the effectiveness of manure export plus intensive silage cropping for lowering the Olsen‐P status of P‐enriched grassland

A substantial proportion of farmed grassland soils in Northern Ireland (NI) are overly enriched with P and pose a risk to water quality. To address this problem, manure could be exported rather than recycled to P‐enriched land and the latter intensively cropped with grass silage to deplete soil P. To assess the efficacy of such a strategy, a P‐ and K‐enriched grassland site was intensively cropped over a 6‐yr period with fertilizer N alone supplied to support silage growth. By year 6, soil P had declined from index 5 to index 3, and it was estimated that two more years of this management may bring it into the target index 2 range. Soil K, however, declined rapidly from index 4 to index 1 in just 4 yr, with the result that grass production became limited by K deficiency. It was concluded that nonrecycling of manure to P‐enriched grassland under silage management is probably the most effective strategy for lowering soil P status, but care must be taken to prevent K deficiency occurring.     

浅谈我国木工机械经销商发展现状与经销对策

木工机械经销商对加快木工机械产品流通，促进行业健康发展起到了重要的推动作用。介绍了木工机械经销商发展现状及特点，分析了木工机械经销中存在的问题并提出相应的解决措施。